Safeguarding Public Health from PFAS

In October 2021, the EPA unveiled its PFAS Strategic Roadmap, a comprehensive plan to tackle the pervasive issue of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as “forever chemicals.” This roadmap outlines the EPA’s commitment to a "whole-of-agency approach", focusing on three central directives: research, restrict, and remediate. By investing in scientific research, the EPA aims to deepen our understanding of PFAS and their impacts on human health and the environment. The roadmap also emphasizes proactive measures to prevent PFAS from entering air, land, and water, and accelerating cleanup efforts to protect communities across the United States. 

EPA has made significant strides in addressing the issue of PFAS and their new progress report highlights key accomplishments under the national strategy to confront PFAS in communities across the country.

Here are the key highlights from the EPA’s recent progress report:

• First-ever nationwide standards: In 2024, the EPA introduced legally enforceable drinking water standards for PFAS, aiming to reduce exposure for approximately 100 million people.
• Data collection: The EPA is conducting the largest nationwide effort to understand PFAS levels in drinking water, covering around 10,000 water systems.
• $10 billion investment: Through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, significant funds are allocated to remove PFAS from water, with a focus on installing new infrastructure and treatment technologies.
• Polluter accountability: The EPA finalized a rule designating PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances, ensuring that polluters, not taxpayers, bear the cleanup costs.
• Regulatory actions: The EPA has taken steps to prevent inactive PFAS from reentering commerce and issued rules to ensure protective restrictions on PFAS manufacturing and processing.
• Measurement methods: The EPA developed methods for measuring PFAS in various environmental media and set water quality criteria to protect aquatic life.
• Focused enforcement: The EPA established a PFAS Enforcement Discretion and Settlement Policy to target significant contributors to PFAS contamination.

These initiatives demonstrate EPA's dedication to tackling PFAS pollution directly, utilizing scientific research, regulatory measures, and significant investments to safeguard public health and the environment. For more detailed information, you can read the full PFAS Strategic Roadmap on the EPA’s website. 

Wastewater System Sustainability Practices | Recorded on November 12, 2024

In this recording of our recent live webinar "Wastewater System Sustainability Practices" viewers will discover some of the most helpful resources for wastewater system sustainability practices and learn how to use our search tools at WaterOperator.org to find additional resources and training events.

This webinar series from WaterOperator.org covers topics relevant to wastewater operators, including funding, asset management, compliance, and water quality. Certificates of attendance will be delivered upon request to live attendees but are not available for watching this replay.

VirCon 2025 Announcement

Our partners at the RCAP network deliver in-person training nationwide, as do the hundreds of training providers we list on the WaterOperator.org calendar. But, we know it can be difficult to get away from the day-to-day of your job, assuming there is even funding for the travel expenses. 

The team at WaterOperator.org is excited to announce that free registration has opened for the 2025 Virtual Operator Conference.

Over three days (February 4-6, 2025) participants can earn up to 12 continuing education hours applicable to their drinking water operator license renewal. We are seeking approval in all relevant operator certification jurisdictions, with updates listed on the event registration page. This free, virtual training conference offers drinking water operators a chance to learn more about timely topics, improve fundamental skills, and get support for specific challenges while earning up to 12 hours of CEU credit. While there is no substitute for in-person training, this online event was created to specifically target operators of small and rural public water systems who may not have the means or ability to travel. Conference instructors are technical assistance providers from the RCAP network.

Topics for this free, online event include PFAS, Excel for compliance reporting, cybersecurity, chlorine meters, how to create a flushing program, and more. Each session is delivered by a technical assistance professional from the RCAP network. Register now to save your spot. 

Cybersecurity Tips for Water and Wastewater Utilities

October is Cybersecurity Awareness Month! The water sector can protect its infrastructure, maintain public trust, and ensure the safety and reliability of its services by prioritizing cybersecurity. U.S. EPA has provided some tips on how to avoid cybersecurity threats and keep your utility secure. These tips are outlined below:

​Passwords

Passwords should be at least 12 characters long, unique for each account, and complex. To make a secure password you should incorporate a mix of uppercase & lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. 

If your passwords meet these criteria, they generally only need to be changed if they are compromised. It can be challenging to remember multiple passwords, so use a password manager to help.

Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)

MFA involves using multiple methods to verify a user’s identity, going beyond a simple login. Verification methods can include something you know, such as a password or PIN; something you are, like a fingerprint or facial scan; and something you have, like a key card or security token.

Phishing

Phishing occurs when criminals use fake emails or social media posts to trick users into clicking on malicious links, which can then install malware onto the system. 

To identify phishing attempts, ask yourself: Is it too good to be true? Does it request personal information? Does the sender’s email address match who they claim to represent? Are there any spelling or grammar errors?

If you detect a phishing attempt, report it to your IT manager or security team as quickly as possible. Do not click on any links, delete the email, and use the “Report Phishing” function in your email (if available.)

Update Software

Updating software, or patching, involves installing updates released by the manufacturer to close known vulnerabilities and provide the latest features. Enabling automatic updates ensures updates are installed as soon as they are released, though a system restart is usually required. If automatic updates aren’t possible, regularly check for updates manually and create a schedule to make this a habit.

Be cautious of fake update pop-ups that urgently demand downloads, as these can lead to malware. If you encounter such pop-ups, run a scan to check for malware.

By implementing these cybersecurity tips, you can significantly enhance your protection against cyber threats. Remember, staying informed and vigilant is key to safeguarding your utility.

Flushable Wipes: The Bane of the Wastewater Industry

In the video below, featured on Icon Water's YouTube channel, they test a "flushable" wet wipe to see how well it dissolves in water compared to toilet paper, wet wipes (not labeled flushable), and paper towels. All 4 products are spun for 30 minutes in water to display how well each of these products breaks down when you flush them. 

Flushable wipes have been the plague of the wastewater industry for years due to the problems they cause for systems. Not only can they clog pipes, damage equipment, and harm the environment, but they require increased maintenance for utilities. 

The most recent legislation regarding flushable wipes is the Wastewater Infrastructure Pollution Prevention and Environmental Safety (WIPPES) Act. This bill was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives in June 2024. This act "would require the Federal Trade Commission to create a uniform label for products that have and/or require a 'Do Not Flush' label" in order to reduce consumer confusion and help to protect wastewater systems. Additionally, Michigan recently passed a law in July 2024 that prohibits manufacturers from marketing wipes as “flushable.”

Further Reading...

• Oregon To Require Do Not Flush Labeling On Wipes | Nonwovens Industry
• These ‘flushable’ wipes shouldn’t be flushed, plumbers say | The Hill
• Hanford city warns residents against flushing non-flushable wipes | YourCentralValley.com
• WIPPES Act - Set To Create National Standard For Wipes Labeling | Nonwovens Industry
• New Michigan law bans ‘flushable’ label on most bathroom wipes | MLive

The Importance of Preparedness for Water and Wastewater Systems

National Preparedness Month (NPM) is observed each September to raise awareness about the importance of preparing for disasters and emergencies that could impact water and wastewater systems. In recognition of NPM, we have linked some valuable resilience resources below. These resources were created by U.S. EPA to help systems better navigate disasters and emergencies.

Develop a Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA)

It's important for utilities to prepare for both natural and human-made disasters by assessing for the greatest risks. Developing a Risk and Resilience Assessment (RRA) helps you systematically assess your utility's risks. 

• EPA has two tools to choose from to help you develop an RRA: the Small System RRA Checklist (recommended for small systems) and Vulnerability Self-Assessment Tool (recommended for large systems.)

Prepare an Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Once you assess for risks to your utility, the next step is to create an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) to outline how you will prepare for, or respond to, the risks identified in your RRA. 

• EPA's ERP Template and Instructions will walk you step-by-step through how to develop your ERP. 
• Read our blog post on WaterOperator.org for more resources on emergency operations and preparing an ERP

Community drinking water systems serving more than 3,300 people are required to have both an RRA and ERP that are updated every five years. However, EPA encourages all water and wastewater systems to plan for disasters they may face by developing an RRA and ERP!

Minimize the Impact of Weather-Related Disasters

EPA’s Creating Resilient Water Utilities (CRWU) Storm Surge Inundation Map can help your utility prepare for the effects of a hurricane. The map has been updated to provide the most current information on past and present storms. The “real-time” map shows storm surge projections as advisories are released, complementing the “worst-case” surge projections and enhancing disaster preparedness.

EPA also has a mobile app, Water Utility Response On-The-Go App Plus, that provides information and tools that water utilities can use to prepare for an emergency. Users can track severe weather, contact response partners, and find up-to-date information on local emergencies. Once the disaster has passed, the tool can be used to assess damage and complete incident action checklists.

RCAP's Drop of Knowledge: Article Roundup #5

Drop of Knowledge is a monthly digital article from Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP.) The articles focus on topics like wastewater, drinking water, policy, and infrastructure in rural America. It contains how-to’s, tips, and guidance from more than 300 technical assistance providers (TAPs) across the country. Some featured articles are linked below:

• Pembroke Township Public Water System Training and Assistance for Drinking Water Operators
• Communicating About Lead in Drinking Water
• Getting the Most Bang for Your Buck – GIS Mapping
• Board Relationships: Navigating the Waters of Governance and Operations
• The Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC) Helps Island Community Retain Local Water System Ownership
• Big Changes for a Small Water System

Looking for something else? Find more articles and subscribe to A Drop of Knowledge.

Wastewater System Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation Resources | Recorded on August 20, 2024

In this recording of our recent live webinar "Wastewater System Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation Resources" viewers will discover some of the most helpful wastewater system condition assessment and rehabilitation resources and learn how to use our search tools at WaterOperator.org to find additional resources and training events. 

This webinar series from WaterOperator.org covers topics relevant to wastewater operators, including funding, asset management, compliance, and water quality. Certificates of attendance will be delivered upon request to live attendees but are not available for watching this replay.

U.S. EPA's Water Network Tool for Resilience

Researchers from U.S. EPA and Sandia National Laboratories developed the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR), a "comprehensive scientific software package to help assess a drinking water systems’ resilience to natural disasters. The software improves upon already available capabilities by fully integrating hydraulic and water quality simulation, damage estimates and response actions, and resilience metrics into a single platform. The software is available as an open-source software package and can be applied to a wide range of disruptive incidents and repair strategies." 

Utilities can incorporate WNTR into their existing systems by simulating various scenarios, like power outages or critical pipe breaks, to assess impacts and identify potential repair strategies. WNTR can be utilized in the development of Emergency Response Plans by helping to evaluate and prioritize preparedness strategies and response actions to enhance resilience of the utility. It can also be used to assist in meeting legal requirements, such as those set out in America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018, by identifying system vulnerabilities and determining mitigation measures.

The Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) integrates several key features:

• Hydraulic and Water Quality Simulation: WNTR combines hydraulic simulations with water quality analysis to understand how water moves and changes within the distribution system.
• Damage Estimates and Response Actions: It estimates potential damages from disasters, helps utilities to understand how infrastructure damage might occur over time, and evaluates the effectiveness of response actions.
• Resilience Metrics: The tool includes metrics to assess the resilience of water systems under various scenarios.
• Compatibility with EPANET: WNTR is compatible with EPANET, a widely used software for modeling water distribution systems, enhancing its utility and accuracy.

Access the WNTR tool and relevant webinar recordings on U.S. EPA's website.

Emergency Operations and ERPs

Community water systems serving populations greater than 3,300 are required to have a plan in place for emergencies in accordance with America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) section 2013(b), which amended Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) section 1433(b). According to U.S. EPA, Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) describe "strategies, resources, plans, and procedures utilities can use to prepare for and respond to an incident, natural or man-made, that threatens life, property, or the environment. Incidents can range from small main breaks or localized flooding to large scale hurricanes, earthquakes or system contamination, among other examples." ERPs must outline the steps a system should take to ensure the continuation of service during an emergency. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has provided an O&M Manual Template that can be used as a starting point in developing a manual from scratch or making improvements to existing emergency O&M procedures. 

They also provided the following list of emergency situations and provisions that community water systems need to address in their ERPs: 

• Loss of source
• Loss of water supply due to major component failure
• Damage to power supply equipment or loss of power
• Contamination of water in the distribution system from backflow
• Collapse of a reservoir, reservoir roof or pumphouse structure
• A break in a transmission or distribution line
• Chemical or microbiological contamination of the water supply

Within these sections of your utility's manual, include provisions for providing alternate water, notice procedures for regulatory agencies and users, disinfection and testing techniques, critical component identification, spare parts inventory and staff training in emergency response procedures.